Ukraine war: US says it takes Putin nuclear threat seriously
John Kirby said the US was not changing its "strategic deterrent posture", but that Mr Putin spoke irresponsibly.
On Wednesday Russia's leader warned his country would use all the means at its disposal to protect its territory.
It came as four Ukrainian regions part-occupied by Russian forces are about to stage snap votes on joining Russia.
Ukraine and its allies call these votes a sham exercise, designed to give spurious legitimacy to an illegal annexation.
"It is a dangerous precedent for Mr Putin to be using this kind of rhetoric in the context of a war clearly that he's losing inside Ukraine," National Security Council spokesman Mr Kirby told the BBC.
"We have to take these threats seriously and we do... We've been monitoring...